- name: Classic Confounding description: > This depicts classic confounding, where a confounder C is a common cause of exposure (E) and outcome (Y). file: classic-confounding.rds image: classic-confounding.png - name: Differential Loss to Follow-Up description: > This depicts differential loss to follow up, where patients may be censored (C) depending on their value of L. file: differential-loss-to-follow-up.rds image: differential-loss-to-follow-up.png - name: Mediator with Confounding description: > This shows a mediator with confounding, where the variable M mediates the effect of E on Y, which is confounded by the variable C. file: mediator-with-confounding.rds image: mediator-with-confounding.png - name: Selection Bias description: > This depicts classic selection bias, where C denotes criteria under which the data are observed which, in turn, is a downstream consequence of exposure (E) and outcome (D). file: selection-bias.rds image: selection-bias.png